Financial Glossary

Required financial disclosures that public companies must submit to the Securities and Exchange Commission, providing transparency to investors.

A shell company that raises money through an IPO to acquire an existing private company, providing an alternative path to going public.

Software-as-a-Service: business model where companies sell software via recurring subscriptions rather than one-time purchases.

Companies that design and manufacture computer chips and related components that power everything from smartphones to data centers.

A metric that measures investment returns relative to risk, calculated by dividing excess return by standard deviation.

Borrowing shares to sell them immediately, betting the stock price will fall so you can buy them back cheaper and pocket the difference.

Self-executing digital contracts with terms written in code that automatically enforce agreements when conditions are met.

Renewable energy derived from sunlight, converted to electricity through photovoltaic cells or thermal systems for commercial power generation.

A cryptocurrency designed to maintain a stable value by pegging it to a reserve asset like the US dollar or gold.

An economic condition combining stagnant growth, high unemployment, and rising inflation that challenges traditional monetary policy.

Locking up cryptocurrency tokens to support blockchain operations and earn rewards, similar to earning interest on a bank deposit.

Standard deviation measures how much an investment's returns vary from its average return, indicating volatility and risk level.

A stock buyback occurs when a company repurchases its own shares from the open market, reducing the total number of outstanding shares.

A corporate action where a company divides existing shares into multiple shares, lowering the price per share while keeping total value unchanged.

A stop loss is an order to automatically sell a security when it falls to a predetermined price, limiting potential losses.

The predetermined price at which an options contract holder can buy or sell the underlying asset when exercising the option.

Price levels where securities historically struggle to break below (support) or above (resistance), creating trading opportunities.

A trading strategy holding positions for days to weeks, capturing price swings between support and resistance levels.

Market risk that affects all securities and cannot be eliminated through diversification, driven by economy-wide factors like recessions or interest rates.